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Everything you need to know about the UK Child Maintenance Service

32 articles

paying parent
Calculations14 min read

Do Pension Contributions Reduce Child Maintenance? Yes

Pensions come off your assessed income, but only automatically in some schemes. Pay into a personal pension and the CMS will not know unless you tell them.

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Calculations15 min read

Sole Trader vs Limited Company: Why Your CMS Bill Differs

Same profit, five times the difference in maintenance. Why directors are assessed on salary alone, and the free variation that closes the gap.

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How It Works13 min read

How Long Does the CMS Take? Realistic Times for Each Stage

4 to 12 weeks for a calculation, 6 to 8 for a deduction from earnings, up to 18 months for a liability order. What to do when yours overruns.

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Enforcement13 min read

CMS Arrears Never Expire. Debt From the 1990s Still Counts

Child maintenance arrears do not become statute barred, and bankruptcy will not clear them. When they can be written off, and how to check the figure is right.

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How It Works12 min read

Child Maintenance in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

The formula is identical across the UK. But Northern Ireland runs a separate service, and in Scotland a child aged 12 can apply for maintenance themselves.

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How It Works9 min read

Who Actually Runs the CMS? The Names and the Chain

The CMS is not an agency. It is a directorate inside the DWP, and a named minister answers for it in Parliament. Who is accountable, and how to reach them.

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Enforcement9 min read

Can You Go to Prison for Not Paying Child Maintenance?

The CMS can ask a court to jail you for arrears under section 40 of the Child Support Act 1991. Here is how rare it really is, and what actually happens.

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How It Works9 min read

Can the Other Parent Spend Child Maintenance on Themselves?

There is no legal duty to account for how child maintenance is spent, and the CMS cannot investigate it. What the law actually says, and why it was built that way.

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Enforcement9 min readpaying parent

Can the CMS Take Money From Your New Partner?

Your new partner's income can never raise your CMS assessment. But since 2018 the CMS can take money from a joint account. Both answers, explained plainly.

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How It Works18 min read

CMS Statistics: 1.1m Children and £791m Still Unpaid

The latest DWP figures on compliance, arrears and enforcement, and what they reveal about a system where a fifth of paying parents hand over nothing at all.

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How It Works14 min read

Inside the CMS: The Ageing Tech Behind Your Calculation

The systems that run child maintenance, where your HMRC data comes from, and what the technology explains about the errors parents keep reporting.

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Calculations8 min readpaying parent

Self-Employed? How the CMS Really Works Out What You Owe

The CMS uses taxable profit from your Self Assessment, which can be two years out of date. How to get that changed, and which expenses actually reduce it.

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Calculations10 min readpaying parent

Company Director? The CMS Only Counts Your Salary

Dividends, retained profits and director's loans sit outside the standard calculation. The free variation that pulls them back in, and when it succeeds.

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How It Works12 min read

What DWP Told the Lords About the CMS, and What They Left Out

Senior DWP officials gave evidence on the Child Maintenance Service in March 2025. Where their account and the department's own figures do not match.

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Liability Orders18 min readpaying parent

Are CMS Liability Orders Even Real Court Orders?

High Court proceedings have raised serious questions about whether CMS liability orders are valid court orders at all. What the law actually says.

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How It Works9 min read

Regulation 50: Who Pays When You Share Care Equally?

When care is genuinely 50/50, one parent still pays. The rule that decides which one is not what most parents expect, and nights are counted strictly.

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How It Works14 min read

Parent Moved Abroad? The CMS Usually Loses All Power

The CMS cannot touch a parent living overseas, with a handful of exceptions. The REMO route, which countries enforce UK orders, and what to do if yours does not.

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How It Works7 min read

How Much the CMS Makes From Collect and Pay Fees

Both parents are charged to use Collect and Pay. We used DWP's own statistics to work out what that raised in the year to March 2026, and who really carries the cost.

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Paying Parent5 min readpaying parent

Do I Have to Pay Child Maintenance? Almost Always, Yes

Not seeing your child, not being on the birth certificate and never wanting the pregnancy make no difference. The rare situations that genuinely do.

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How It Works7 min read

Private Arrangement or CMS? An Honest Comparison

A family arrangement is free and flexible. The CMS costs money but has legal teeth. Which one suits your situation, and when to switch.

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How It Works5 min read

When Does Child Maintenance Stop? Age 16, or 20 in Education

Payments end at 16, or up to 20 if your child stays in approved education. What counts as approved, what does not, and what ends it sooner.

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Paying Parent8 min readpaying parent

Child Maintenance Advice for Fathers: Rights and Options

Paying does not buy contact, and being refused contact does not cancel paying. What fathers are actually entitled to, and the costliest mistakes.

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Calculations4 min read

Is Child Maintenance Taxable? No, and Nobody Declares It

You pay no tax on maintenance you receive, and you get no relief on maintenance you pay. What that means for your benefits and your tax return.

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Shared Care6 min read

How Shared Care Cuts Child Maintenance: The Night Bands

52 nights a year cuts your payment by a seventh. 175 nights halves it and takes off another £7. Why a single extra night can be worth hundreds.

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Enforcement7 min readpaying parent

Don't Pay Child Maintenance? Wages, Bank Account, Then Court

The CMS can take money from your wages or your bank without going to court first. Losing your licence and prison are real, but rare. The order of escalation.

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Paying Parent7 min readpaying parent

How to Reduce Child Maintenance Payments, Legitimately

Shared care nights, pension contributions and other children in your household all cut your liability. What genuinely works, and what gets challenged.

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Appeals & Changes6 min read

Can Child Maintenance Be Changed? Only If It Moves 25%

The CMS ignores income changes under 25% until your annual review comes round. What you must report, what gets ignored, and how to force a recalculation.

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Receiving Parent6 min read

What Does Child Maintenance Cover? Less Than You Think

There is no legal list. Maintenance is a contribution towards everyday costs, not a bill for school trips, uniforms or birthdays. What to ask for separately.

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Calculations7 min read

What Counts as Income for Child Maintenance? And What Doesn't

The CMS uses gross income straight from HMRC. Bonuses and overtime count. Your new partner's wages do not. Dividends only count if someone asks.

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Calculations10 min read

How Is Child Maintenance Calculated? The Full CMS Formula

12% for one child, 16% for two, 19% for three. That is the headline. The income bands, deductions and shared care rules change the real figure.

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How It Works5 min read

The CSA No Longer Exists. This Is What Replaced It

The Child Support Agency closed years ago, but millions still search for it. What it was, why it failed, and what the CMS does differently.

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How It Works6 min read

What Is the CMS? The Child Maintenance Service Explained

The CMS works out and collects child maintenance when parents cannot agree. What it does, what it charges, and whether you need it at all.

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